Incandescent burner.



PATENTED AUG. 2, 1904.

- J. A. BOWEN.

INGANDESOBNT BURNER.

APPLIGATIOH FILED MAB. 7, 1904.

H0 MODEL.

OOOOO O00 WITNESSES:

ATTOHN Y Patented August 2, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES A. BOIVEN, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND.

INCANDESCENT BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 766,418, dated August 2, 1904.

Application filed March 7. 1904:. Serial No. 196,826. (No model.)

mixing gas and atmospheric air and preheat-- ing such mixture prior to supplying it to the place of combustion within the mantle, means for the gradual delivery under even and moderate pressure of such preheated gaseous mixture to the place of combustion within the mantle, and means for delivering and directingatmospheric air against the exterior of the ignited mantle, to thereby increase combustion and consequent illumination. Provision is also made for centrally supporting the mantle for use and securing it against displacement duringtransportation.

'The invention consists in the novel construction, combination, and arrangement of the respective parts, as more fully described hereinafter and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure I is an elevation showing the burner with the mantle and chimney in place. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal central section of the same. Fig. 3 is an elevation showing a modified form of chimneysupport. Fig. 4 is a view on the same section as Fig. 9. of the cap which constitutes the preheating-chamber. Fig. 5 shows the mantle secured against displacement during transportation.

Similar reference letters and numerals indicate like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

The base A of the burner is of the ordinary form and is provided with a central upwardly extending tube A, adaptedand designed to serve both as a means of attaching the burner to a Bunsen tube and as a duct for the admission of gas and air'to the mixing-chamber A, preferably formed, as shown, by the diametrical enlargement of the upper portion of the tube A. The preheating or regenerating chamber R is a prolongation of said mixingchamber and is formed by a cap 4, superposed on the upper end of the tube A. Said cap 4 has a tubular cylindrical body adapted to be superposed on the upper end of the mixing-chamber A and provided on its upper end with an extension, preferably conical, composed of a plurality of concentrically-arranged contactually-overlying sheets of foraminous material, as 5 and 6. Said cap 4 is provided at its lower end with a peripheral laterally-extending flange 7, arranged to only partially occupy the space between the tube A and the chimney (J, and thereby to serve as a deflector to cause the air drawn upward from outside the chimney to impinge against the chimney interior in the first instance and thence to rebound against the mantle, thus feeding the flame with oxygen and increasing the incandescence of the mantle instead of passing, as it otherwise would, upward parallel with the sides of the mantle and chimney.

The innermost foraminous sheet 5 has its apex slightly depressed or returned on itself, to thereby :form a cup-shaped seat for the centrally-located mantle-supporting post 8 and in conjunction with the apex of the outermost foraminous sheet 6 to firmly support said post, which is provided at its upper extremity with a notch or groove designed to receive the mantle-supporting loop.

In order to prevent the mantle from being displaced from its position on the mantle fork or crotch during transportation andstill preserve its necessary flexibility of support during its use, 1 fasten its supporting-loop to the fork or crotch of the mantle-post 8 with easilyfusible material, as a, which will rigidly hold the mantle-loop m in the crotch 0 during transportation and will be destroyed by heat when the mantle is ignited, and thereby permit the necessary flexible suspension of the mantle while in use.

In practical operation of my invention the base A is fitted on a Bunsen tube which admits air and gas to the tube A and thence to the mixing-chamber A from which the gaseous mixture passes into the foraminouswalled conical chamber R, which I term the preheating or regeneration chamber or cone, and thence through the foraminous walls of said chamber R to the place of combustion,

which is the space between the outside wall of the regenerating chamber or cone and the inner wall of the mantle M. Upon ignition the space between said mantle and regenerating-cone is filled with an intensely-hot Bunsen flame, which being prevented by the foraminous walls of the cone from entering the chamber R heats said chamber and its contained gaseous mixture to a high 'degree. The cone is thus a retort surrounded on its sides and top by flame, so that the gaseous mixture passing through it in a-steady current is regenerated before it reaches the place ofcombustion, thereby intensifying the heat of the flame and augmenting the incandescence of the mantle. The outward pressure of the current of gaseous mixture surrounds the cone with an envelop of unignited gas, and thereby prevents the flame from reaching and destroying the Walls of the cone. The cone afi'ords easier exit for the gaseous mixture than does the commonly-used flat or convex diaphragm in other forms of incandescent burners, and it thus prevents the hissing,

roaring, and sputtering so generally objectionable in the common incandescent gas-lamp.

By reason of the conical shape'of the regencrating-cone the gaseous mixture radiates angularly through the foraminous walls of the cone, thereby causing the flame to impinge on every part of the interior of the mantle, thus increasing the incandescence,whereas the flat or convex diaphragms commonly used cause the flame to move in perpendicular lines practically parallel to the walls of the mantle, so that it impinges thereon very little, if at all.

In my invention the regeneration-cone extends upward inside of the mantle toward the apex thereof, and therefore delivers the gaseous mixture to the walls of the mantle gradually from its base well up toward its apex, thus extending the zone of incandescence upward, whereas the flat or convex diaphragm commonly used delivers the gaseous mixture all at the base of the mantle, the base of the mantle getting too much fuel and the region of the apex too little, thereby causing the straight upward before the flame is reached, so that the current is directly past the flame and not against it. The air all comes from below the flame. By raising the chimney so that its bottom is about level with the base of the flame, Fig. 3, I allow ingress for the air laterally, to the end that it may come in horizontally to a considerable extent and, turning the corner," so to speak, to get into the chimney pass upward, its lateral orhorizontal momentum causing it to pitch inward, so as to impinge on the mantle and feed the flame with oxygen, and thereby augment the incandescence of the mantle.

In Fig. 3 I have shown a modified form of burner-base in which instead of the usual chimney-gallery I have provided a plurality of upright standards 9 9, each provided with laterally-projecting lugs or pins 9', adapted to support the chimney-bottomabout on a level with the base of the flame when the mantle is ignited. In this construction the bottom of the chimney is held above the deflecting-flange or bulkhead 7, thereby allowing atmospheric'air to pass into the chimney laterally'between the bulkhead and the bottom of the chimney to thereby prevent the direct vertical ascent of the air into the chimney.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. The combination in an incandescent burner with means for mixing atmospheric V refractory mantle to thereby increase the incandescence of the mantle.

2. In an incandescent burner having a chamber for the mixing of air and gas, the combination with said mixing-chamber of a removable cap having a cylindrical tubular body provided at its upper end with a foraminous conical extension composed of a plurality of concentrically contactually arranged sheets of foraminous material and adapted by its superposition upon the upper end of said mixing-chamber to constitute a regeneratingchamber in which the mixed air and gas are preheated prior to passing to the place of combustion, and to permit such preheated gaseous mixture to flow in radiating angular lines from said preheating-chamber against the interior walls of arefractory mantle from the base to the apex thereof.

3. In an incandescent burner in which a refractory mantle is made luminous by heat, the combination of a removable cap having a tubular cylindrical body provided at its upper end With a conical extension composed of a plurality of concentrically contactually overlying foraminous sheets, With the apex of the innermost sheet returned upon itself to constitute a cup-shaped seat for a centrally-located mantle-supporting post. and adapted in conjunction with the apex of the outermost 'foraminous sheet to serve as a firm support for such post, with a mantle-supporting post and a mantle supported thereby.

4:. The combination with amixing-chamber of an incandescent burner, a chimney surrounding said mixing-chamber and a base supporting the whole, of a removable cap adapted to be superposed upon the upper end of said mixing-chamber, and having a tubular cylindrical body provided at its upper end with a conical extension composed of a plurality of concentrically contactually overlyingforaminous sheets, and at its base with a pheripheral laterally-extending flange adapted to deflect an ascending column of air angularl y against the interior walls of the chimney.

5. In an incandescent burner having a mixing chamber, a chimney surrounding said chamber and a base supporting the whole, the combination with said parts of a removable cap adapted to be superposed upon the upper end of said mixing-chamber, and having a tubular cylindrical body provided with a foraminous upper end and a peripheral annular flange extending laterally from its base and adapted to deflect an ascending column of air angularly against the interior walls of said chimney.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JAMES A. BOWVEN. WVitnesses:

HENRY MARSH, Jr., FRANCIS A. AFFLEox. 

